What C Function Calls Produce

Infineon's embedded team likes to test candidates on exactly how C arrays, pointers, and static locals behave, since firmware code leans on all three constantly. Here is the code.

#include <stdio.h>

void modify(int arr[], int size) {
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        arr[i] = arr[i] * 2 + i;
    }
}

int compute(int a, int b) {
    static int calls = 0;
    calls++;
    return (a + b) * calls;
}

int main(void) {
    int data[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    modify(data, 5);

    int x = compute(2, 3);
    int y = compute(2, 3);

    printf("data: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%d ", data[i]);
    }
    printf("
");
    printf("x=%d y=%d
", x, y);

    return 0;
}

What do these function calls produce? Trace the program by hand and give the exact output, explaining your reasoning for each value.