Your question is URL Shortening for High Throughput. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
Design a URL shortening service that can handle high read/write throughput.
Clarify the expected traffic, consistency, durability, expiration, custom aliases, abuse controls, and redirect behavior before proposing the design. Cover API contracts, storage and caching choices, partitioning, replication, capacity estimation, observability, and failure recovery.
