AExplain the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model and detail the function of each of its seven layers. Why is the OSI model important in networking and software design? What are the primary responsibilities of each layer?
The topmost layer that interacts with end-user applications. It provides network services to applications, such as email and file transfer.
Ensures complete data transfer between hosts. It provides error recovery, flow control, and segmentation, using protocols like TCP and UDP.
Handles routing of data packets across the network. It determines the best path for data transmission using logical addressing (IP addresses).
Responsible for node-to-node data transfer and error correction. It manages how data packets are placed on the network and how they are detected.
The lowest layer that deals with the physical connection between devices. It transmits raw bits over a physical medium like cables or radio waves.