Thread-Safe Bounded Priority Queue

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Your question is Thread-Safe Bounded Priority Queue. Start with the requirements on the right.

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Problem

Implement a thread-safe bounded priority queue for tasks. The queue stores tasks as (priority, task_id, payload) and supports concurrent producers and consumers. Write a class with methods push(priority, task_id, payload), pop(), and size(). If the queue is full, push must block until space is available; if it is empty, pop must block until an item is available. Higher priority values must be returned first, and tasks with the same priority must be returned in FIFO insertion order.

Constraints

1 <= capacity <= 10^5
At most 10^5 total push and pop operations
-10^9 <= priority <= 10^9
task_id values are unique per successful push
push blocks when the queue is full and pop blocks when the queue is empty

Function Signature

def run_priority_queue_demo(capacity, operations):

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