Subnetting, Semaphores, and Classical Protocols

Explain how you would implement subnetting and then code a classical networking concept such as the three-way handshake or virtual memory, while also reasoning about semaphores.

Implement the subnetting and three-way handshake option. The function receives an IPv4 CIDR, a power-of-two subnet count, an ordered event stream, and a semaphore capacity. Return the generated subnet CIDRs and each connection's final state.

I/O Contract

def subnet_and_handshake(network_cidr, subnet_count, events, semaphore_limit): Input events are dictionaries with connection and event, where events are SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK, or RST. Each connection must complete SYN -> SYN-ACK -> ACK to become established.

Constraints

network_cidr is a valid IPv4 CIDR network
1 <= subnet_count <= 256
subnet_count is a power of two
The resulting prefix length is at most 32
1 <= semaphore_limit <= 10^4
0 <= len(events) <= 10^4
Each event contains a string connection identifier and one valid event name

Function Signature

def subnet_and_handshake(network_cidr, subnet_count, events, semaphore_limit):

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