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Shortest Path in Directed Graph

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Your question is Shortest Path in Directed Graph. Start with the requirements on the right.

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Problem

Blue Shield of California's member portal models certain service transitions as a directed graph. Given a graph, a starting service, and a destination service, return the sequence of vertices on a shortest directed path. Edge weights may be negative, but the graph contains no negative-weight cycle reachable from source.

Use the Bellman-Ford algorithm so negative edge weights are handled correctly. If the destination is unreachable, return an empty list. If source == target, return a list containing only that vertex.

Formal Specification

Implement shortest_path(graph, source, target), where graph is a dictionary mapping each vertex to a list of [neighbor, weight] pairs. Vertices and source and target are strings, and weights are integers. Return a list of vertex strings from source to target, inclusive, representing a shortest path. Any shortest path is acceptable when multiple paths have equal total weight.

Constraints

  • 1 <= number of vertices <= 10^4
  • 0 <= number of edges <= 5 * 10^4
  • -10^4 <= weight <= 10^4
  • Every destination vertex appears as a key in graph.
  • No negative-weight cycle is reachable from source.

Function Signature

def shortest_path(graph, source, target):
Your solutionPython 3
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