Sheep in a Ring Function | Dataford Interview Questions

A diagnostic utility for Nordic Semiconductor's nRF Connect SDK receives sheep positions relative to a circular fenced area. Given the sheep coordinates, the fence center, and its radius, return how many sheep are inside or exactly on the boundary.

Use Euclidean distance. A sheep is inside when its squared distance from the center is less than or equal to the squared radius.

Formal Specification

Implement count_sheep_inside(sheep, center, radius).

sheep is a list of two-element integer lists, where each list is [x, y].
center is a two-element integer list [x, y].
radius is a non-negative integer.
Return an integer count.

Do not use square roots. Comparing squared distances is sufficient and avoids unnecessary floating-point operations.

Constraints

0 <= len(sheep) <= 10^5
Coordinates are integers in [-10^9, 10^9]
0 <= radius <= 10^9
A sheep on the boundary counts as inside

Function Signature

def count_sheep_inside(sheep, center, radius):

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