Your question is Rate Limiter Design. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
The question was to design a rate limiter.
Discuss the enforcement algorithm, distributed coordination, keying and policy configuration, scaling, failure handling, and how machine learning could improve adaptive limits without making enforcement nondeterministic.