Dataford
Interview QuestionsInterview GuidesExperiencesCoaching
New
Pricing
Get started
Dataford
Popular roles
Software EngineerData AnalystData ScientistData EngineerBusiness AnalystAI EngineerMachine Learning EngineerProduct Manager
Browse
Browse All RolesEvery role hub, from analyst to MLBrowse All CompaniesCompany-specific interview loopsAll Interview GuidesThe full guide library
Top questions by role
Software EngineerData AnalystData ScientistData EngineerBusiness AnalystAI EngineerMachine Learning EngineerProduct Manager
Top questions by skill
SQLPythonStatisticsMachine LearningA/B TestingSystem DesignGenerative AIProduct SenseMetricsBehavioral
Browse all questions →Try a mock interview
Experiences
Practice
Mock InterviewsTimed interview simulations with feedbackCoaching1:1 coaching with people at your target companiesSuccess PathYour 6-week structured planModulesCurated lessons by topicWebinarsTalks from ex-Big Tech data leadsPlaygroundA free-form scratch editor
Learn
BlogInterview strategy and career adviceTech Job Market ReportHiring trends across data and AI rolesFor UniversitiesDataford for career centersAbout DatafordWho we are and how we build
Pricing
Build my plan
Optimize LLM Encoding
00:00
5 left

Optimize LLM Encoding

HardPython

Problem

How would you optimize LLM encoding for performance and efficiency? Implement byte-pair encoding over an initial token sequence using merge priorities, always applying the lowest-priority adjacent pair and breaking ties from left to right. The function receives a list of token strings and an ordered list of merge rules, and returns the final merged token list. Use a data structure that avoids rescanning every adjacent pair after each merge.

Constraints

  • 0 <= len(tokens) <= 5000
  • 0 <= len(merge_rules) <= 5000
  • Each token is a non-empty string
  • Each merge rule contains exactly two non-empty strings
  • Merge rules are ordered from highest priority to lowest priority
  • A merge rule is applied only to adjacent tokens whose current strings exactly match the rule

Function Signature

def bpe_encode(tokens, merge_rules):
Interviewer

Your question is Optimize LLM Encoding. Start with the requirements in the Question tab.

Run and submit as often as you like. When you're ready, talk me through your approach or go straight to the code.

You need to log in / sign up to run or submit.
CodePython 3
Sign up free to run your codeLog inLn 2
Run your code to see test output here.