Top 50 production systems Interview Questions
The most frequently asked production systems questions across all roles and companies, ranked by real interview frequency. Updated daily.
Compare production LLM deployment architectures and explain trade-offs across latency, cost, quality, reliability, and operations.
CGI
Tiger Analytics
AccentureDesign a Google Sheets-like backend with concurrent editing, durable storage, snapshots, and scalable save/load paths.
SalesforceDesign a serving layer that supports greedy, beam, top-k, and top-p decoding with low latency and safe fallbacks.
MicrosoftDesign how to evaluate and serve new LLM advances like DeepSeek and RL safely at scale.
SalesforceDesign an ML system to decide when and how to send newsletters to 10M customers, with evaluation and pseudo-code.
AdobeDesign a reliable model benchmarking workflow that compares classification and regression metrics, including F1-score, at scale.
SalesforceDesign how to decide when a Google GenAI product should use deterministic or probabilistic outputs.
GoogleDesign a batch data pipeline that handles schema drift, SCD, and warehouse optimization at scale.
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Prepare a latest-attempt modeling dataset with joined assessment features, missing-value counts, and outcome labels.
The Boston Consulting GroupNormalize expression strings by removing parentheses that directly enclose a single operand.
ChargebeeIdentify missing, unexpected, duplicate, and inconsistent derived records using PostgreSQL validation queries.