Your question is Linux Soft vs Hard Limits. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
Explain the difference between a soft limit and a hard limit in Linux.
Describe how each limit affects a process, how a process can change its own limits, and give one concrete example using ulimit, such as the maximum number of open file descriptors. Keep the answer focused on standard Linux process resource limits and ordinary shell behavior.