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Hard Python Tree Traversal
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Hard Python Tree Traversal

HardPython

Problem

A hard Python tree traversal problem (logic only, not running code). Asked in the Round 2 stage.

Task

Implement vertical_order(root). The input is a binary tree encoded as nested arrays [value, left, right], where a missing child is null. Return node values grouped by vertical column from left to right. Within each column, preserve top-to-bottom order and left-to-right order for nodes on the same level.

Constraints

  • 0 <= number of nodes <= 1,000
  • Each node is encoded as [value, left, right]
  • Values are integers
  • A missing child is represented by null
  • Return [] when root is null

Function Signature

def vertical_order(root):
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