Find Duplicate Elements Efficiently

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Problem

Given an array of integers, how would you find the duplicate elements efficiently?

Implement find_duplicates(nums) to return each value that appears at least twice, exactly once, in the order it is first identified as a duplicate. The input is a list of integers, and the output is a list of integers. For example, [4, 3, 2, 7, 8, 2, 3, 1] returns [2, 3]; [1, 1, 2, 2, 3] returns [1, 2].

Constraints

1 <= nums.length <= 100000
-1000000000 <= nums[i] <= 1000000000
Return each duplicated value exactly once
Preserve the order in which values are first identified as duplicates

Function Signature

def find_duplicates(nums):

Your solutionPython 3

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