Explain MVC Architecture Pattern

Context

MVC is a foundational software design pattern used in web and UI applications to separate responsibilities across components. Interviewers ask about it to evaluate your understanding of architecture, maintainability, and clean separation of concerns.

Core Question

Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern. In your answer, cover:

1. What the Model, View, and Controller each do
2. How data and user requests typically flow between them
3. Why teams use MVC, including its benefits and trade-offs

Scope Guidance

You do not need to describe a specific framework in depth, but you should explain the pattern clearly enough to apply it in a real application. A strong answer should distinguish responsibilities, describe a typical request lifecycle, and mention common misconceptions such as putting too much business logic in controllers or views.