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Evaluate Credit Risk Calibration

HardModel Evaluation00:00
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Your question is Evaluate Credit Risk Calibration. Take a moment with it on the right.

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Problem

Context

Barclays has deployed a probability-of-default model in its unsecured lending workflow to estimate 12-month default risk for Barclaycard applicants. The model ranks applicants well enough for prioritization, but Risk and Finance are concerned that the predicted probabilities used in pricing and approval policy may not reflect true default likelihood.

Current Performance

MetricValidation SetPrior Champion
AUC-ROC0.810.79
Log Loss0.4620.438
Brier Score0.1490.136
Expected Calibration Error (ECE)0.0720.031
Max Calibration Error0.1810.094
Avg predicted PD8.9%8.1%
Observed default rate6.2%6.3%

Reliability by score band

Predicted PD BandVolumeAvg Predicted PDObserved Default Rate
0-2%18,0001.4%0.8%
2-5%24,0003.6%2.7%
5-10%21,0007.2%5.9%
10-20%11,00014.1%15.8%
20%+6,00028.4%34.7%

The Problem

The model appears to discriminate reasonably well, but its probability estimates may be systematically biased. Barclays needs to know whether the model is sufficiently calibrated for approval cutoffs, risk-based pricing, and IFRS 9 forecasting, and what should be changed before wider rollout.

Requirements

  1. Assess whether the model is calibrated using the metrics and score-band table.
  2. Explain why good AUC does not guarantee good calibration.
  3. Identify where the model is overpredicting vs underpredicting risk.
  4. Recommend how you would validate calibration across segments and over time.
  5. Propose concrete steps to improve calibration without materially harming rank ordering.

Constraints

  • Approval policy changes must be explainable to Barclays Risk.
  • Recalibration can be deployed in 1 week; full retraining takes 6 weeks.
  • Underestimating PD in high-risk bands is more costly than overestimating PD in low-risk bands.