Your question is Distributed Rate Limiting. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
Design a distributed rate limiter for an API service.
Clarify the limiting dimensions, consistency guarantees, burst behavior, storage model, and failure semantics before proposing an architecture. Explain how the design would remain correct across multiple service instances and regions, and how you would test and monitor it.