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Design Rate-Limiting API Gateway

HardSystem Design00:00
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Your question is Design Rate-Limiting API Gateway. Take a moment with it on the right.

Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).

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Problem

How would you design a highly available, rate-limiting service for an API gateway handling millions of requests per second at Okta?

Focus on how you would meet strict latency and availability goals, support per-tenant and per-user policies, and keep enforcement correct under partial failures. Be explicit about data model, serving path, and how you would monitor and recover from drift, skew, or outages.