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Design a Backend System for the Given Scenario

HardSystem Design00:00
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Your question is Design a Backend System for the Given Scenario. Take a moment with it on the right.

Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).

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Problem

Design a backend system for the given scenario: lay out the architecture and then defend each of your decisions.

Asked in the Technical case interview stage. The poster says one BCG X technical case required designing a backend system, that knowing AWS or Azure services helps, and that you are then challenged on every choice you made. Reported follow-ups include: Why REST and not GraphQL? Why an SQL database instead of NoSQL?