Your question is Core Security Concepts for Security Engineer. Start with the requirements on the right.
Run and submit as often as you like. When you're ready, talk me through your approach or go straight to the code.
What security concepts should you know for a security engineer interview?
Represent the expected foundational concepts as authentication, authorization, encryption, hashing, and least privilege. Implement a function that returns which of these concepts are missing from a candidate's study list, preserving the required order.
Input: a list of concept names, case-insensitive. Output: a list of missing canonical concept names.
Example: known = ["Hashing", "AUTHENTICATION"] produces ["Authorization", "Encryption", "Least Privilege"].
Constraints: at most 10,000 entries; entries are strings; duplicate entries may appear.
def missing_security_concepts(known):