Core Security Concepts for Security Engineer | Dataford Interview Questions

What security concepts should you know for a security engineer interview?

Represent the expected foundational concepts as authentication, authorization, encryption, hashing, and least privilege. Implement a function that returns which of these concepts are missing from a candidate's study list, preserving the required order.

Input: a list of concept names, case-insensitive. Output: a list of missing canonical concept names.

Example: known = ["Hashing", "AUTHENTICATION"] produces ["Authorization", "Encryption", "Least Privilege"].

Constraints: at most 10,000 entries; entries are strings; duplicate entries may appear.

Constraints

0 <= len(known) <= 10000
Each entry in known is a string
Entries may contain leading or trailing whitespace
Entries may use any capitalization
Duplicate entries may appear

Function Signature

def missing_security_concepts(known):

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