Code a solution to validate a Sudoku board and explain its time complexity.
Implement validate_sudoku(board), where board is a 9x9 list of strings. Each cell contains a digit from "1" to "9" or "." for empty. Return True if no digit is repeated within any row, column, or 3x3 sub-box; otherwise return False. The board does not need to be solvable or completely filled.
def validate_sudoku(board):