Serialize and Deserialize Binary Tree

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Problem

In a Meta-style systems setting such as caching tree-structured ranking features for Facebook Feed, you may need to convert a binary tree into a compact string and later rebuild the exact same tree. Implement both serialization and deserialization.

Given the root of a binary tree, write two functions:

serialize(root) that converts the tree into a string.
deserialize(data) that reconstructs the original binary tree from that string.

Your encoding must preserve both node values and structure, including missing children.

Formal Specification

Input to serialize: root, the root node of a binary tree or null
Output from serialize: a string representation of the tree
Input to deserialize: data, a string produced by serialize
Output from deserialize: the reconstructed root node or null

You may choose any deterministic format, but deserialize(serialize(root)) must produce a tree identical to the original.

Constraints

The number of nodes is in the range [0, 10^4]
-1000 <= Node.val <= 1000
The tree may be empty
The tree may be highly unbalanced
deserialize must correctly reconstruct any string produced by serialize

Function Signature

def serialize_deserialize_tree(root):

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