Your question is Rate-Limited Concurrent Web Scraper. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
Explain how you would build a lightweight web scraper that respects rate limits while still maximizing throughput. Describe the concurrency model, request scheduling, retries, and how you would react to 429 responses.