OWASP Weakness Recognition

Checkmarx builds static analysis tools, so its own interview loop asks candidates to do exactly what the product does: spot real vulnerabilities in a code sample and map them to OWASP Top 10 categories. Here is the snippet, an excerpt from an internal Flask service that handles scan-completion webhooks and serves rule pack files.

import hmac
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify

app = Flask(__name__)

SCANNER_API_KEY = "cx-live-8f2a9d7e4b1c6f3a0d5e9b7c2f4a1d8e"
RULES_DIR = "/opt/checkmarx/rule-packs"


@app.route("/webhook/scan-complete", methods=["POST"])
def scan_complete():
    signature = request.headers.get("X-Signature", "")
    expected = hmac.new(SCANNER_API_KEY.encode(), request.get_data(), "sha256").hexdigest()

    if signature == expected:
        return jsonify({"status": "accepted"})
    return jsonify({"status": "rejected"}), 401


@app.route("/rules/<pack_name>", methods=["GET"])
def get_rule_pack(pack_name):
    path = RULES_DIR + "/" + pack_name
    with open(path) as f:
        contents = f.read()
    return jsonify({"pack": pack_name, "rules": contents})

Identify and explain the security weaknesses in this code, and for each one, name the OWASP Top 10 category it falls under.