KMS with HSM Integration | Dataford Interview Questions

How would you design a key management system (KMS) integrated with hardware security modules (HSMs)?

Implement the request-routing portion of the design. Preserve key affinity while respecting HSM health and per-batch capacity. Return the selected HSM ID for each request, or None when no HSM can serve it.

Input is a list of request objects with key_id and operation, plus HSM objects with id, healthy, and capacity fields. Requests are processed in order.

Constraints

1 <= len(requests) <= 10^5
1 <= len(hsms) <= 10^4
Each request contains a non-empty string key_id and operation
Each HSM id is unique
HSM capacity is a non-negative integer
The input health state remains fixed while the batch is processed
Return one result for every request

Function Signature

def route_kms_requests(requests, hsms):

Your question is KMS with HSM Integration. Start with the requirements in the Question tab.

Run and submit as often as you like. When you're ready, talk me through your approach or go straight to the code.

Problem

How would you design a key management system (KMS) integrated with hardware security modules (HSMs)?

Input is a list of request objects with key_id and operation, plus HSM objects with id, healthy, and capacity fields. Requests are processed in order.

Constraints

1 <= len(requests) <= 10^5
1 <= len(hsms) <= 10^4
Each request contains a non-empty string key_id and operation
Each HSM id is unique
HSM capacity is a non-negative integer
The input health state remains fixed while the batch is processed
Return one result for every request

Function Signature

def route_kms_requests(requests, hsms):

Your question is KMS with HSM Integration. Start with the requirements in the Question tab.

Run and submit as often as you like. When you're ready, talk me through your approach or go straight to the code.