Handle Hash Table Collisions

Can you explain the concept of a hash table collision and how to handle it?

In your answer, describe what causes a collision, why it matters for lookup performance, and the common ways to resolve it. Keep the explanation focused on the concept and the trade-offs between approaches.

Output

1. A clear explanation of what a collision is
2. A description of at least two collision-handling strategies
3. A brief note on the performance impact of collisions