Your question is GitHub Actions–Style CI/CD with Depth. Take a moment with it on the right.
Talk me through your thinking if you like. When you're confident, submit your answer and I'll grade it like a real screen (7/10 or better passes).
Design a CI/CD system similar to GitHub Actions, prioritizing reliability first and performance second; be prepared for deep low-level follow-ups on any component mentioned (DB, load balancers) and on GPU/AI model internals. Asked in the system_design stage. Corroborated independently by another first-hand LeetCode account in this dataset (CI/CD design round). Reported follow-ups: deep low-level implementation questions on any mentioned component; GPU and AI model internals questions.