You are responsible for a mixed server fleet that runs both Windows and Unix-based workloads supporting internal applications, batch jobs, and administrator access paths. Some systems process sensitive healthcare data, and the environments have grown with different authentication models, patching patterns, logging formats, and remote administration tools. A recent review found inconsistent hardening and unclear assumptions about which operating system is safer for which use case.
How would you explain the key security-relevant differences between Windows and Unix systems, and how would those differences change your hardening, identity, monitoring, and incident response approach for each platform in a healthcare environment?